Illustrations make literary works more quickly outdated

This critique is concerned with the impact of illustrations on the longevity of literature. We find this argument in August Wilhelm Schlegel’s essay “Über Zeichnungen zu Gedichten und John Flaxman’s Umrissen” (“On Drawings for Poems and John Flaxman’s Sketches,” 1799).

Schlegel worries that because illustrations flesh out external details, they render characters in the fashionable clothes of the day and thus quickly become outdated. This is a negative effect on the literary work as well:

Eigen ist es, daß die Kupferstich-Liebhaberey sich so besonders auf den Roman gerichtet hat. Und nicht bloß unter uns: auch auf Englischen Blättern sieht man Lotte im Werther Butterbrodt schneiden. Bey keiner Dichtart ist doch die Sache so bedenklich, als gerade bey dieser. Daß sie gewöhnlich das Kostum des Tages fodert (ein Umstand, wegen dessen der Dichter sich auch vor allzu bestimmter Angabe der Kleidungen zu hüten hat, und nur das erwähnen darf, was in der Mode ewig und allgemein gültig ist, wie blaßrothe Schleifen, weiße Neglige’s, Strohhüte und dergleichen), und daß die so bald veralteten Trachten hernach eine Störung verursachen, ist noch das geringste.

It is peculiar that this love of copper engravings has especially focused on the novel. And not just among us [Germans]: in English publications, you can also see Lotte [from Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther] cutting bread [for her younger siblings in a decisive scene of that novel]. In no other genre of literature is the use of engravings as dubious as with novels. That this [predilection for engravings] usually demands the fashionable clothes of the day (a reason why writers also must make sure to abstain from any overly detailed description of clothes and only mention what is eternal and generally valid in fashion, such as pale pink ribbons, white dresses, straw hats and the like) and that the quickly outdated clothes later seem disturbing is the least of concerns.

(201; our translation)

While it is possible that there are earlier instances of this argument, it does appear to fit squarely into the time around 1800–a period in which people became increasingly interested in processes of historical change and in the ways in which literary works can endure despite such change (see Wagner 2011 and Gut 2020).


Works Cited

Gut, Markus. Semiotik der Verewigung. Versuch einer Typologie anhand literarischer Texte um 1800. Brill/Wilhelm Fink, 2020.

Schlegel, August Wilhelm. “Über Zeichnungen zu Gedichten und John Flaxman’s Umrissen.” In Athenaeum. Eine Zeitschrift von August Wilhelm Schlegel und Friedrich Schlegel. Zweiten Bandes Zweites Stück ,193–246. Vechta, 2014.

Wagner, Martin. “Zeit, Geschichte und Ästhetik im Wallenstein-Prolog.” Orbit Litterarum, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 366-86.